WIN10子系统使用
在工作中,难免想本地搭建个测试环境,但由于自己是windows系统,又要找一堆安装包来替换,有些还不是官方的包比如redis windows版.
这时,win10子系统就突出了他的优势.它允许在windows系统中使用Ubuntu 终端来执行Ubuntu命令.且与win10共用一套端口.
下载Ubuntu系统
在Microsoft store中找到Ubuntu.并选择需要的版本,点击安装.等待安装完成后,能在开始的所有应用中找到.
开启 linux子系统功能
点击后出现如下图所示问题,这是因为我们没有在功能中开启win10 子系统.
位置: 设置->应用->应用与功能->可选功能->相关设置/更多windows功能.
勾选 适用于linux的windows子系统 并确定.
设置账户
在首次进入时,需要设置一个用户名与密码来表示默认登入账户,此账户在win10本地进入不需要密码.
但,我们安装一些应用时难免想用root密码.但当键入su时,需要输入密码. 第一次登入哪里知道什么密码,设置都没设置过.
所以需要键入sudo passwd 来更改root密码, 首先输入当前用户的密码,再输入两遍要设置的root密码.更改就完成了.在通过su键入设置的密码就可以进入root账户.
ssh服务建立
如果没有ssh服务,安装:
sudo apt install openssh-server更改配置
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config #端口 prot 22 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key # 关闭root登入 PermitRootLogin no PasswordAuthentication yes启动服务
service ssh restart
就可以连接非root用户开启自启
为了安全,子系统的ssh只是在使用的时候才开启.当然如果要实现开机自启,这里来提供一个解决方案.
4.1. 在win10系统中创建计划,使之开机启动
4.2. 键入启动命令并保存
C:\Windows\System32\bash.exe -c "sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start"4.3. 错误解决 no hostkeys available
重新生成key
root@空痕影的matebook:/etc/ssh# service ssh start * Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server sshd sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting. [fail] root@空痕影的matebook:/etc/ssh# dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ... 3072 SHA256:ved2QjrhcRDVdkpzurWUsB/OWuCsTeAGCcPr+I4UBU8 root@空痕影的matebook (RSA) Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ... 256 SHA256:l1KPGReYMwfeM25m30OQ2t82ta/aQSa7JxdrNWg51Q4 root@空痕影的matebook (ECDSA) Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time ... 256 SHA256:pz9Ly8iAY4nsJFb9Qfa4y2Zb8+eK0okUjgNV3aK28UQ root@空痕影的matebook (ED25519) invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel root@空痕影的matebook:/etc/ssh# service ssh start * Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server sshd [ OK ]redis
root@空痕影的matebook:~/redis-5.0.12# make Command 'make' not found, but can be installed with: apt install make # version 4.2.1-1.2, or apt install make-guile # version 4.2.1-1.2 root@空痕影的matebook:~/redis-5.0.12# apt install make Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: make-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: make 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 162 kB of archives. After this operation, 393 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 make amd64 4.2.1-1.2 [162 kB] Fetched 162 kB in 1s (115 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package make. (Reading database ... 32745 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../make_4.2.1-1.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking make (4.2.1-1.2) ... Setting up make (4.2.1-1.2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... root@空痕影的matebook:~/redis-5.0.12# ls 00-RELEASENOTES COPYING Makefile redis.conf runtest-moduleapi src BUGS INSTALL README.md runtest runtest-sentinel tests CONTRIBUTING MANIFESTO deps runtest-cluster sentinel.conf utils root@空痕影的matebook:~/redis-5.0.12# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install cd src && make install make[1]: Entering directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/src' CC Makefile.dep rm -rf redis-server redis-sentinel redis-cli redis-benchmark redis-check-rdb redis-check-aof *.o *.gcda *.gcno *.gcov redis.info lcov-html Makefile.dep dict-benchmark (cd ../deps && make distclean) make[2]: Entering directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps' (cd hiredis && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd linenoise && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd lua && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd jemalloc && [ -f Makefile ] && make distclean) > /dev/null || true (rm -f .make-*) make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps' (rm -f .make-*) echo STD=-std=c99 -pedantic -DREDIS_STATIC='' >> .make-settings echo WARN=-Wall -W -Wno-missing-field-initializers >> .make-settings echo OPT=-O2 >> .make-settings echo MALLOC=jemalloc >> .make-settings echo CFLAGS= >> .make-settings echo LDFLAGS= >> .make-settings echo REDIS_CFLAGS= >> .make-settings echo REDIS_LDFLAGS= >> .make-settings echo PREV_FINAL_CFLAGS=-std=c99 -pedantic -DREDIS_STATIC='' -Wall -W -Wno-missing-field-initializers -O2 -g -ggdb -I../deps/hiredis -I../deps/linenoise -I../deps/lua/src -DUSE_JEMALLOC -I../deps/jemalloc/include >> .make-settings echo PREV_FINAL_LDFLAGS= -g -ggdb -rdynamic >> .make-settings (cd ../deps && make hiredis linenoise lua jemalloc) make[2]: Entering directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps' (cd hiredis && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd linenoise && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd lua && make clean) > /dev/null || true (cd jemalloc && [ -f Makefile ] && make distclean) > /dev/null || true (rm -f .make-*) (echo "" > .make-cflags) (echo "" > .make-ldflags) MAKE hiredis cd hiredis && make static make[3]: Entering directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps/hiredis' gcc -std=c99 -pedantic -c -O3 -fPIC -Wall -W -Wstrict-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -g -ggdb net.c make[3]: gcc: Command not found make[3]: *** [Makefile:156: net.o] Error 127 make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps/hiredis' make[2]: *** [Makefile:46: hiredis] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/deps' make[1]: [Makefile:209: persist-settings] Error 2 (ignored) CC adlist.o /bin/sh: 1: cc: not found make[1]: *** [Makefile:257: adlist.o] Error 127 make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/src' make: *** [Makefile:9: install] Error 2
更新apt包:
apt-get update
安装gcc:
apt-get install build-essential
重新编译:
make
缺少 jemalloc ,可以用libc替代 带上参数
make MALLOC=libc
make
cd src && make all
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/src'
CC adlist.o
In file included from adlist.c:34:
zmalloc.h:50:10: fatal error: jemalloc/jemalloc.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include <jemalloc/jemalloc.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [Makefile:257: adlist.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/redis-5.0.12/src'
make: *** [Makefile:6: all] Error 2
root@空痕影的matebook:~/redis-5.0.12# make MALLOC=libc
安装到指定位置
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
win10与linux文件互通
linux文件在win10系统中的位置:C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu20.04onWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs
win10文件在Ubuntu系统中的位置: /mnt/
更新wsl2
由于虚拟机默认使用wsl1.无法使用systemctl.
root@空痕影的matebook:/etc/caddy# systemctl status caddy
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
Failed to connect to bus: Host is down
C:\Users\60512>wsl --list --verbose
NAME STATE VERSION
* Ubuntu-22.04 Running 1
C:\Users\60512>
升级到wsl2即可开启命令.
C:\Users\60512>wsl --set-version Ubuntu-22.04 2
正在进行转换，这可能需要几分钟时间...
有关与 WSL 2 的主要区别的信息，请访问 https://aka.ms/wsl2
WSL 2 需要更新其内核组件。有关信息，请访问 https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel
